Combination / selection rationale: Ceramides, cholesterol and fatty acids form a barrier-lipid system, making composition, dispersion and crystallization important for NP selection.
Published evidence / source details: A 2021 randomized study compared a 28-day ceramide-dominant cream/cleanser regimen with placebo. The formula included NP, EOP, cholesterol and safflower-derived linoleic acid, describing a 3:1:1 molar lipid system. Hydration and water loss improved relative to placebo, while eczema-severity scores did not differ between groups.
Development insights: Confirm NP II composition before molar calculations; 3:1:1 is not a weight ratio. Compare predispersing, emulsification and cooling, checking crystals, size and viscosity; assess hydration and water loss in the finished product.
Evidence scope: A whole-regimen study, not proof of isolated NP II effects or eczema treatment by this ingredient.
2021 · Spada et al. · DOI 10.1111/dth.14970 ↗