GSH
Glutathione (Reduced)
Key Specifications
| CAS Number | 70-18-8 |
| Purity | ≥98.0% |
| Molecular Formula | C₁₀H₁₇N₃O₆S |
| Molecular Weight | 307.32 g/mol |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Solubility | Freely soluble in water |
| Storage | 2–8°C, inert atmosphere |
| Shelf Life | 24 months |
CAS 70-18-8
What Is GSH?
Glutathione (reduced), abbreviated GSH, is a low-molecular-weight tripeptide composed of L-glutamic acid, L-cysteine, and glycine, linked through an unusual γ-carboxyl amide bond (CAS 70-18-8; molecular formula C10H17N3O6S; MW 307.32 g/mol). It occurs naturally in virtually all living cells, including plants, animals, fungi, and many bacteria, where it is synthesized intracellularly in two ATP-dependent enzymatic steps and functions as the principal intracellular thiol-based antioxidant and detoxification cofactor. Commercially, bulk GSH is produced almost exclusively by microbial fermentation, typically using high-yield, non-GMO Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains grown on sugar/molasses-based media, followed by cell disruption, extraction, chromatographic purification, and crystallization to obtain the white crystalline powder supplied to the pharmaceutical, dietary supplement, and cosmetic industries.
Other Names
Key Features
High-Purity, Pharma-Grade Assay
Each batch is assayed by HPLC to confirm ≥98.0% purity, consistent with USP monograph requirements for reduced glutathione.
Controlled Fermentation & Traceable Raw Materials
Produced via monitored yeast fermentation with documented strain, media, and process parameters, enabling raw-material traceability from seed culture to finished powder.
Consistent White Crystalline Powder
Uniform white to off-white crystalline powder with consistent particle size and no visible impurities, ensuring stable dissolution and handling across batches.
Comprehensive Contaminant & Microbial Testing
Every lot is screened for heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cd, As) and microbial limits, with a Certificate of Analysis available on request.
Flexible Bulk & OEM Supply
Available in bulk quantities with customizable packaging, particle size, and documentation to support dietary supplement, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical OEM/ODM programs.
| Molecular Formula | C₁₀H₁₇N₃O₆S |
| Molecular Weight | 307.32 g/mol |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder |
| Solubility | Freely soluble in water |
| Storage Condition | 2–8°C, inert atmosphere |
| Shelf Life | 24 months |
| Grade 1 | Pharmaceutical Grade · ≥98.0% · USP |
End-Product Applications
Mechanism & Benefits
Master cellular antioxidant, detoxification, liver cell protection and immune enhancement.
Packaging Options
1 kg 5 kg 25 kg
Lead Time
5–7 business days
Minimum Order
1 kg
Custom Packaging
Custom packaging (foil bags, HDPE drums), GMP labeling, and export documentation are available. Contact us for specifics.Certifications
USP
US Pharmacopoeia
ISO
ISO
ISO9001
ISO 9001
Manufacturing Process
Strain Preparation & Seed Culture
A high-GSH-yielding, non-GMO Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain is activated and expanded through seed culture stages to generate a robust inoculum for the main fermenter.
Aerobic Fed-Batch Fermentation
The seed culture is transferred to stainless-steel bioreactors containing a glucose/molasses and corn-steep-liquor-based medium, with controlled aeration, pH, temperature, and sugar/ethanol feeding to maximize intracellular GSH accumulation.
Biomass Harvesting
At the end of fermentation, yeast cells are separated from the fermentation broth by centrifugation or membrane filtration to obtain concentrated wet biomass.
Cell Disruption & GSH Release
Harvested cells are lysed through mechanical disruption, autolysis, or enzymatic cell-wall breakdown to release intracellular glutathione into solution.
Clarification & Impurity Removal
Cell debris, proteins, and nucleic acids are removed by centrifugation, ultrafiltration, and/or activated-carbon treatment to yield a clarified GSH-rich extract.
Chromatographic Purification
The clarified extract is purified using ion-exchange resin chromatography to selectively bind and elute glutathione while removing residual amino acids, peptides, and salts.
Concentration & Crystallization
The purified eluate is concentrated under vacuum and cooled to induce crystallization, yielding high-purity glutathione crystals.
Drying, Milling & Packaging
Crystals are separated, vacuum- or fluid-bed dried, milled to the target particle size, and packaged under controlled conditions to protect against oxidation and moisture uptake.
Quality Specifications
| Test Item | Specification | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White to off-white crystalline powder | Conforms, white crystalline powder |
| Odor | Odorless | Odorless |
| Assay (HPLC) | ≥98.0% | 99.1% |
| pH (1% aqueous solution) | 2.5–3.5 | 3.1 |
| Specific Optical Rotation | -15.5° to -17.5° (c=2, water) | -16.7° |
| Loss on Drying | ≤1.0% | 0.35% |
| Residue on Ignition | ≤0.2% | 0.06% |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤2 mg/kg | <1 mg/kg |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb, incl. Hg/Cd/As) | ≤10 mg/kg | <5 mg/kg |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤2 mg/kg | <1 mg/kg |
| Particle Size | 100% through 80 mesh | Conforms |
| Total Plate Count | ≤1000 CFU/g | <100 CFU/g |
| Yeast & Mold | ≤100 CFU/g | <10 CFU/g |
| E. coli / Salmonella | Negative/25 g | Negative |
Purity & Assay Method
Purity is determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection, referencing USP/EP-type reduced-glutathione monograph methods and a validated reference standard to compare peak area against the labeled assay. Buyers should request the current Certificate of Analysis (COA) for the specific batch, confirm the HPLC method and reference standard used, and verify results independently through a qualified third-party laboratory before large-scale procurement or regulatory filing.
Solubility & Formulation
Reduced glutathione is freely soluble in water, forming clear, colorless-to-faint solutions, but its free thiol group is prone to oxidation to the disulfide form (GSSG) upon prolonged exposure to air, light, heat, or trace metal ions. For liquid formulations (oral solutions, injectables, or cosmetic serums), buyers are advised to process under inert atmosphere or low-oxygen conditions, use appropriate chelating agents and antioxidant stabilizers, maintain a mildly acidic pH, and store finished products refrigerated and protected from light to preserve the reduced (active) form throughout shelf life.
Available Product Forms
Bulk GSH Powder
High-purity raw powder for supplement factories, research organizations, ingredient distributors, and contract manufacturers.
GSH Capsules
Custom capsule strength, shell material, bottle count, excipients, and label design for private-label brands.
GSH Tablets
Tablet formulation, granulation, compression, coating, bottle packaging, and custom labeling support.
GSH Powder Blends
GSH can be blended with complementary actives (antioxidants, other longevity ingredients, vitamins, minerals) per customer formula.
How is the ≥98.0% purity of your glutathione confirmed?+
Purity is verified by HPLC assay against a certified reference standard, and each shipment is accompanied by a Certificate of Analysis (COA) showing the specific batch's assay result along with related-substance and heavy-metal data.
What production method do you use — fermentation, synthesis, or extraction?+
Our glutathione is produced by controlled microbial fermentation using a high-yield yeast strain, followed by extraction, chromatographic purification, and crystallization — the standard industrial route for pharmaceutical- and food-grade GSH.
Is the product freely soluble in water, and how should it be handled in formulation?+
Yes, it is freely soluble in water. Because the reduced thiol form can oxidize on exposure to air, heat, or light, we recommend low-oxygen processing, suitable stabilizers, and cool, dark storage for finished formulations.
Can we request a sample before placing a bulk order?+
Yes, small samples are available for evaluation and quality verification prior to bulk purchase; please contact our sales team with your intended application and required quantity.
Do you support third-party or independent lab testing?+
Yes, we support and encourage third-party testing; buyers are welcome to submit samples to an independent laboratory of their choice, and we can coordinate additional testing on request.
Do you offer OEM or private-label services?+
Yes, we offer OEM/ODM support including customized packaging, labeling, particle size, and formulation-ready blends for dietary supplement, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical customers.
What packaging options are available, and what is the MOQ?+
Standard packaging includes 1 kg, 5 kg, and 25 kg fiber drums or bags with double-layer food/pharma-grade liners; MOQ and pricing depend on order volume and specification, so please contact us for a formal quotation.
What certifications does this product hold?+
This product is manufactured to meet USP monograph requirements and is produced under an ISO9001-certified quality management system, with ISO-aligned documentation available for regulatory submissions.
Why Choose PathGene
- Direct China manufacturer supply — factory pricing, no middleman
- Batch-specific COA & full traceability on every shipment
- In-house R&D + synthetic biology / enzymatic production platform
- Free sample for qualified B2B buyers before commercial order
- Flexible MOQ — from lab-scale trial to ton-scale commercial supply
- One-stop OEM/private-label support for finished dosage forms
- Worldwide shipping by courier, air freight, and sea freight
OEM & Private-Label Services
- ·Custom capsule manufacturing
- ·Custom tablet manufacturing
- ·Powder blending & custom formulation
- ·Private-label bottles, pouches & labels
- ·Small trial orders
- ·Bulk commercial production
- ·Export documentation
- ·Third-party laboratory testing
Documents Available
- ·Certificate of Analysis (COA)
- ·Product specification sheet
- ·Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
- ·Manufacturing flow chart
- ·HPLC test report
- ·Heavy-metal test report
- ·Microbiological test report
- ·Non-GMO / allergen statement
- ·Country-of-origin documentation
- ·Packing list & commercial invoice
Certificate availability should be confirmed with our sales team before ordering.
Sample Certificate of Analysis
PathGene Biotech Co., Ltd.
南京派琪生物科技有限公司
CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
Layout example — not an issued batch record
Product Name
GSH
CAS No.
70-18-8
Batch No.
PG-SAMPLE-000000
Packaging
Issued upon order confirmation
| Test Item | Specification | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White to off-white crystalline powder | Conforms, white crystalline powder |
| Odor | Odorless | Odorless |
| Assay (HPLC) | ≥98.0% | 99.1% |
| pH (1% aqueous solution) | 2.5–3.5 | 3.1 |
| Specific Optical Rotation | -15.5° to -17.5° (c=2, water) | -16.7° |
| Loss on Drying | ≤1.0% | 0.35% |
| Residue on Ignition | ≤0.2% | 0.06% |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤2 mg/kg | <1 mg/kg |
| Heavy Metals (as Pb, incl. Hg/Cd/As) | ≤10 mg/kg | <5 mg/kg |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤2 mg/kg | <1 mg/kg |
| Particle Size | 100% through 80 mesh | Conforms |
| Total Plate Count | ≤1000 CFU/g | <100 CFU/g |
| Yeast & Mold | ≤100 CFU/g | <10 CFU/g |
| E. coli / Salmonella | Negative/25 g | Negative |
Conclusion: Conforms to internal quality specifications
The COA issued with your order will carry the actual batch number, manufacture/test dates, and QC signature.
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Interested in GSH?
Our R&D team will respond to your inquiry or sample request within 24 hours.
