FAD
Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Disodium Salt
Key Specifications
| CAS Number | 84366-81-4 |
| Purity | ≥96.0% |
| Molecular Formula | C₂₇H₃₁N₉O₁₅P₂·2Na |
| Molecular Weight | 829.53 g/mol |
| Appearance | Orange-yellow powder |
| Solubility | Soluble in water |
| Storage | ≤-20°C, protect from light |
| Shelf Life | 18 months |
CAS 84366-81-4
What Is FAD?
Flavin adenine dinucleotide disodium salt (FAD disodium salt, CAS 84366-81-4) is the sodium-stabilized form of FAD, a dinucleotide redox coenzyme built from a flavin mononucleotide (riboflavin phosphate) unit joined to adenosine monophosphate through a pyrophosphate bridge. Its molecular formula is C27H31N9O15P2·2Na (MW 829.53 g/mol), and it appears as an orange-yellow powder with ≥96.0% purity. FAD occurs naturally in every living cell as the prosthetic group of flavoenzymes and is biosynthesized from vitamin B2 (riboflavin). Commercial bulk material is typically produced through a biosynthetic route: riboflavin generated by microbial fermentation is enzymatically phosphorylated to FMN and then adenylylated to FAD using ATP-dependent kinase and FAD-synthetase activity, after which the product is purified, converted to its disodium salt, crystallized, and dried into powder.
Other Names
Key Features
High-Purity Redox Coenzyme
Assayed at ≥96.0% by HPLC, meeting the purity level required for enzymology research, flavoenzyme reconstitution, and biocatalysis applications.
Biosynthetic Production Control
Manufactured via a controlled microbial fermentation and enzymatic conversion platform rather than uncontrolled extraction, giving batch-to-batch consistency in identity and purity.
Stable Orange-Yellow Powder Form
Supplied as a free-flowing orange-yellow powder, water-soluble and convenient for accurate weighing, dissolution, and downstream formulation.
Verified Contaminant Testing
Each batch is screened for heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cd, As) and microbial limits, with full certificates of analysis available on request.
Flexible Bulk & OEM Supply
Available from gram-scale research quantities to industrial bulk packaging, with OEM/private-label and customized packaging options for B2B partners.
| Molecular Formula | C₂₇H₃₁N₉O₁₅P₂·2Na |
| Molecular Weight | 829.53 g/mol |
| Appearance | Orange-yellow powder |
| Solubility | Soluble in water |
| Storage Condition | ≤-20°C, protect from light |
| Shelf Life | 18 months |
| Grade 1 | Research Grade · ≥96.0% · COA |
End-Product Applications
Mechanism & Benefits
Oxidoreduction coenzyme involved in multiple enzymatic reactions. Used in bioscience research.
Packaging Options
10 g 50 g 100 g
Lead Time
7–10 business days
Minimum Order
10 g
Custom Packaging
Custom packaging (foil bags, HDPE drums), GMP labeling, and export documentation are available. Contact us for specifics.Certifications
ISO9001
ISO 9001
Manufacturing Process
Riboflavin Fermentation
An engineered high-yield microbial strain (e.g., Bacillus subtilis or Ashbya gossypii-type production strains) is fermented to accumulate riboflavin (vitamin B2), the biosynthetic precursor of FAD.
Enzymatic Phosphorylation to FMN
Riboflavin is converted to flavin mononucleotide (FMN) via ATP-dependent riboflavin kinase, either as a purified enzyme step or whole-cell biocatalysis.
Enzymatic Adenylylation to FAD
FMN is further coupled with ATP via FAD synthetase (FMN adenylyltransferase activity) to form flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
Bioconversion Broth Clarification
The bioconversion mixture is clarified by centrifugation and/or membrane filtration to remove cell mass and insoluble debris, yielding a clear FAD-containing solution.
Chromatographic Purification
The clarified solution is purified using ion-exchange and/or adsorption chromatography to separate FAD from residual FMN, riboflavin, salts, and other fermentation by-products.
Sodium Salt Formation & Crystallization
Purified FAD is converted to its disodium salt form under controlled pH and ionic strength, then crystallized to improve stability and handling.
Concentration & Drying
The crystallized product is concentrated and dried, typically by vacuum or spray drying at controlled, moderate temperature to protect the light- and heat-sensitive flavin ring.
Milling, Blending & Quality Release
Dried FAD disodium salt is milled to uniform particle size, blended for lot homogeneity, and released only after passing purity, heavy metal, and microbial testing.
Quality Specifications
| Test Item | Specification | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Orange-yellow powder | Conforms, orange-yellow powder |
| Odor/Color of solution | Odorless; aqueous solution light to deep orange | Conforms |
| Assay (HPLC) | ≥96.0% | 96.8% |
| Loss on Drying / Moisture | ≤8.0% | 4.6% |
| Particle Size | 100% through 80 mesh | Conforms |
| pH (1% aqueous solution) | 6.0–7.5 | 6.7 |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤10 mg/kg | <5 mg/kg |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤2 mg/kg | <1 mg/kg |
| Mercury (Hg) | ≤1 mg/kg | <0.5 mg/kg |
| Cadmium (Cd) | ≤1 mg/kg | <0.5 mg/kg |
| Total Plate Count | ≤1000 CFU/g | <500 CFU/g |
| Yeast & Mold | ≤100 CFU/g | <50 CFU/g |
| E. coli | Negative/25 g | Negative |
| Salmonella | Negative/25 g | Negative |
Purity & Assay Method
Purity is determined by reverse-phase HPLC with UV detection, typically referenced against a certified FAD standard and monitored at the characteristic flavin absorbance wavelengths (~260 nm and ~450 nm) to distinguish FAD from residual FMN, riboflavin, or ADP/AMP-related impurities. Buyers should confirm the reference standard used, the water/moisture correction applied to the assay result, and request the batch-specific certificate of analysis (COA) before large-scale use.
Solubility & Formulation
FAD disodium salt is readily soluble in water, forming a clear light-to-deep orange solution suitable for direct use in enzyme assay buffers, cell culture supplements, or biocatalytic reaction systems. Because the flavin ring is light- and, to a lesser extent, heat-sensitive, aqueous solutions should be freshly prepared where possible, stored cold and protected from light, and used in neutral-pH buffers to minimize degradation; the solid powder itself should be stored sealed, dry, and away from direct light for long-term stability.
Available Product Forms
Bulk FAD Powder
High-purity raw powder for supplement factories, research organizations, ingredient distributors, and contract manufacturers.
FAD Capsules
Custom capsule strength, shell material, bottle count, excipients, and label design for private-label brands.
FAD Tablets
Tablet formulation, granulation, compression, coating, bottle packaging, and custom labeling support.
FAD Powder Blends
FAD can be blended with complementary actives (antioxidants, other longevity ingredients, vitamins, minerals) per customer formula.
How is the ≥96.0% purity of this FAD disodium salt confirmed?+
Each production batch is tested by HPLC against a reference standard, and results are documented in a batch-specific certificate of analysis (COA), which we provide with every order and can send in advance for review.
What production method is used to make this FAD, and where is the raw material sourced?+
It is produced through a biosynthetic route: riboflavin is generated by microbial fermentation, then enzymatically converted to FMN and subsequently to FAD via ATP-dependent kinase and FAD-synthetase activity, followed by purification and salt formation — not through uncontrolled botanical extraction.
How soluble is FAD disodium salt, and how should I prepare a working solution?+
It is readily soluble in water, forming a clear orange solution. We recommend preparing solutions fresh, keeping them cold and protected from light, and using a neutral-pH buffer, since the flavin ring is light-sensitive.
Can we request a free sample before placing a bulk order?+
Yes, small evaluation samples are available on request so your team can verify purity, appearance, and solubility against your own specifications before committing to a bulk purchase order.
Do you support third-party testing or COA verification for each batch?+
Yes, we supply a batch-specific COA with every shipment, and we support independent third-party testing at accredited labs; retained samples can be provided for buyers who wish to verify results themselves.
Do you offer OEM or private-label services for this ingredient?+
Yes, we offer OEM/private-label manufacturing, including customized specifications, labeling, and documentation, for B2B partners looking to market this ingredient under their own brand.
What packaging options are available for this product?+
Standard packaging ranges from small foil-lined bottles for research quantities to bulk drums or fiber kegs with double-layer, light-protective liners for industrial orders; custom packaging can be arranged on request.
What is the minimum order quantity (MOQ), and how can we get a quotation?+
MOQ varies by intended use — research-scale quantities and industrial bulk orders are both supported. Please contact our team with your target quantity and application to receive a tailored quotation and lead time.
Why Choose PathGene
- Direct China manufacturer supply — factory pricing, no middleman
- Batch-specific COA & full traceability on every shipment
- In-house R&D + synthetic biology / enzymatic production platform
- Free sample for qualified B2B buyers before commercial order
- Flexible MOQ — from lab-scale trial to ton-scale commercial supply
- One-stop OEM/private-label support for finished dosage forms
- Worldwide shipping by courier, air freight, and sea freight
OEM & Private-Label Services
- ·Custom capsule manufacturing
- ·Custom tablet manufacturing
- ·Powder blending & custom formulation
- ·Private-label bottles, pouches & labels
- ·Small trial orders
- ·Bulk commercial production
- ·Export documentation
- ·Third-party laboratory testing
Documents Available
- ·Certificate of Analysis (COA)
- ·Product specification sheet
- ·Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
- ·Manufacturing flow chart
- ·HPLC test report
- ·Heavy-metal test report
- ·Microbiological test report
- ·Non-GMO / allergen statement
- ·Country-of-origin documentation
- ·Packing list & commercial invoice
Certificate availability should be confirmed with our sales team before ordering.
Sample Certificate of Analysis
PathGene Biotech Co., Ltd.
南京派琪生物科技有限公司
CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
Layout example — not an issued batch record
Product Name
FAD
CAS No.
84366-81-4
Batch No.
PG-SAMPLE-000000
Packaging
Issued upon order confirmation
| Test Item | Specification | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Orange-yellow powder | Conforms, orange-yellow powder |
| Odor/Color of solution | Odorless; aqueous solution light to deep orange | Conforms |
| Assay (HPLC) | ≥96.0% | 96.8% |
| Loss on Drying / Moisture | ≤8.0% | 4.6% |
| Particle Size | 100% through 80 mesh | Conforms |
| pH (1% aqueous solution) | 6.0–7.5 | 6.7 |
| Lead (Pb) | ≤10 mg/kg | <5 mg/kg |
| Arsenic (As) | ≤2 mg/kg | <1 mg/kg |
| Mercury (Hg) | ≤1 mg/kg | <0.5 mg/kg |
| Cadmium (Cd) | ≤1 mg/kg | <0.5 mg/kg |
| Total Plate Count | ≤1000 CFU/g | <500 CFU/g |
| Yeast & Mold | ≤100 CFU/g | <50 CFU/g |
| E. coli | Negative/25 g | Negative |
| Salmonella | Negative/25 g | Negative |
Conclusion: Conforms to internal quality specifications
The COA issued with your order will carry the actual batch number, manufacture/test dates, and QC signature.
Related Products
NRHM
Nicotinamide Riboside Hydrogen Malate
Interested in FAD?
Our R&D team will respond to your inquiry or sample request within 24 hours.
